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Retrovirus
The first viral vector developed for gene delivery was derived from the Moloney murine leukemia (MLV) γ-retrovirus. Gamma-retroviruses are capable of reverse transcribing their single stranded RNA genome into double stranded DNA, which is then stably integrated into dividing host cells. This integration results in long-term transgene expression. The γ-retroviral vector is widely used in ex vivo gene…
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Lentivirus
Lentiviruses are also part of the Retroviridae family and are structurally similar to γ-retroviruses. The main difference (and advantage) of lentiviruses is that they are able to transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells. To increase the safety of lentiviral vectors, the components necessary for virus production are split across multiple plasmids (3 for 2nd-generation systems, 4…
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